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Rain Water harvesting is used to collect the
rain water and store it for future need. So basically rain water harvesting
holds the rain water runoff to fulfill the need of humans and animals.
Rain water harvesting is the oldest and simple
method of water conservation for society. In rain water harvesting, rainwater
is collected from rivers, streams or roofs and redirected to a wells, recharge
shaft, borehole, aquifer or a reservoir with percolation.
The harvested water can be used for livestock,
irrigation, gardening, drinking, sanitation and other water related
application. Rain water is also used for ground water recharge for long term
storage.
From the ancient time , we have used different
type of water harvesting techniques such as bawadi, madakas, Ahar pynes,
surangas, taankas etc.
Need of Rain water harvesting
We know water is limited on earth, only 3
percent of total available as fresh water on earth.
As we know the population of world is growing continuously
but fresh water availability is decreasing. So to meet the increasing need of population,
there is need for water conservation.
Human need water for drinking, sanitation,
agriculture and industries. Increasing population means more water requirement.
In many of the countries, water scarcity
becomes the major environment concern as water resources have been degraded due
to climate change. We have extracted t natural resources to such an extent that
now we are facing various environmental issues over the world.
So to meet the demand of water for our purpose,
rain water harvesting and ground water recharge is the best method. As these
water harvesting methods help to hold the runoff rain water and store it to
fulfill the need.
Techniques of rainwater harvesting system
Surface runoff harvesting
Most part of rain water flows away as surface
runoff as streams and rivers due to slope. In this method surface runoff water
is stored by diverting the flow of streams into water reservoirs on the surface
or underground.
Surface runoff water harvesting help to store
water for farming, drinking, sanitation and general domestic purpose.
The stream and river water is harvested by
construction of anicuts, check dams, and earthen bund. But in urban areas rooftop
rainwater harvesting is become a good method for surface runoff harvesting.
Ground water recharge method
In ground water recharge, water moves downward from
surface to groundwater aquifer due to hydraulic process. Surplus surface runoff
water can be used to recharge groundwater aquifer through various techniques
and method.
The ground water aquifer also serves as a
distribution system through recharging wells and tube well. And these recharged
aquifers are used for irrigation and drinking purpose for most people in this
world.
In rural areas , rainwater is harvested through
contour bund, gully plug, dug well recharge, mini-percolation tanks,
percolation tanks, sunken ponds, check dams, earthen bunds and recharge shaft.
Ground water recharge helps store water for long
duration without affecting the quality of water.
Advantage of Rain water harvesting system
Rainwater harvesting structures are cost
effective and provide high quality water for our need. The maintenance cost of
the structures is less compare to other method which need purifying and
pumping.
If we look at the ecological benefits of rain
water harvesting, they are immense. Rainwater harvesting methods
help to reduce flood and load on drainage system. Rain water harvesting methods
reduces land wastage and water pollution.
Rain water harvesting minimizes the drying up
of rivers by holding runoff water.
Rain water harvesting methods helps to reduce soil
erosion and flood hazards by collecting rain water.
These methods help to reduce the flow of storm
water to prevent urban flooding.
Rainwater harvesting conserve chemical free
rain water for long duration which can be used for irrigation purpose and it
help farmers to increase the crop production.
Rainwater harvesting increase the productivity
of aquifer resulting in rise of ground water level. So rainwater harvesting method
should be adopted in area of low water level.
Conclusion
Water conservation is the only solution to
address the water scarcity around the world. Incorporation of rainwater
harvesting is essential for each community on earth. These water harvesting
method are sustainable and efficient for the society which can help us to fight
against the upcoming water scarcity.
Government should frame the effective policies to
incorporate the use of rainwater harvesting system at village and urban .
The real success of any movement is only
possible when people participate with positive energy. So we should motivate
people to participate in save water movements to fight water scarcity.
Water Conservation and Importance
Best Save water Images and Pictures
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